Hi Mirzo,
Welcome to the forum! I'm a little confused as to what you are actually connecting. Is it an RTD or a thermistor? Based on the post heading and the value you have chosen for R12, it appears like you are connecting a thermistor. Also a 10k RTD is unusual. Most users use something like PT100 or PT1000. This will allow for gain to be applied for better resolution. One other thing is the method of connection is a 2-wire connection and not 3-wire.
A couple of things you will need to do. First, it is required that you add a capacitor of at least 1uF between VREFOUT and VREFCOM and VREFCOM should also connect to AVSS. I would remove R12 and not use an Rcomp resistor. This will add error and drift to your measurement. I would also add an antialiasing filter to the analog input. As you have two available inputs I would not source the current through AIN0 and AIN1 (due to the antialiasing filter) but rather direct the current out of AIN2 and AIN3 so that the current can be sourced around the input filtering so as not to cause additional error.
The value of R13 will depend on the current required for excitation and the actual sensor/connection used.
Best regards,
Bob B